My water heater isn't working again. What can I do without calling in a plumber?

Water heaters can face a variety of issues over their lifespan. Common problems include lack of hot water, inconsistent temperature, strange noises, leaks, and discolored water. These issues can arise from several sources such as faulty heating elements, sediment buildup, electrical issues, or problems with the pilot light in gas models. Understanding these common problems can help you diagnose and possibly fix the issue without needing professional assistance.

Before diving into any diagnostic or repair work, safety is paramount. Start by turning off the power supply to the water heater—this means shutting off the circuit breaker for electric units or setting the gas valve to 'pilot' for gas units. Ensure there's adequate lighting and ventilation in the workspace. It's also a good idea to have proper tools and protective gear like gloves and goggles to safeguard yourself during the process.

For a gas water heater, a common cause of no hot water is an extinguished pilot light. To check this, first, locate the pilot light assembly. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to reopen the gas valve and relight the pilot using a long lighter or match. If it doesn’t stay lit, the thermocouple—a safety device that shuts off gas flow if the pilot light goes out—may need cleaning or replacement.

If your water heater is running but the water temperature is off, the thermostat settings could be the culprit. For both gas and electric units, check the temperature dial and ensure it is set between 120-140 degrees Fahrenheit for optimal performance. If adjustments don't resolve the issue, the thermostat itself might be faulty and require replacement.

Over time, sediment and minerals can build up inside your water heater tank, affecting efficiency and water quality. To flush your water heater, first turn off the unit and allow the water to cool. Attach a garden hose to the drain valve at the bottom, direct the hose to a safe drainage area, open the valve, and let the water and sediment drain out. Flushing the tank periodically helps maintain efficiency and prolongs the heater’s life.

Electric water heaters have heating elements that are responsible for warming the water. If you’re not getting hot water, these elements could be burnt out. First, turn off the power to the heater. Access the elements by removing the panels and insulation. Use a multimeter to test for continuity; if either element shows no continuity, it needs to be replaced.

Sometimes a simple reset can fix an electric water heater. Go to your home’s electrical panel and locate the circuit breaker for the water heater. Flip it off and then back on. This can resolve issues stemming from a tripped breaker or electrical surge.

The pressure relief valve is a critical safety component of your water heater. Check this valve by lifting the lever and letting it snap back. You should hear a gurgling sound as water is released into the drain tube. If there’s no release or the valve is leaking, it may need replacement to ensure safe operation.

Visually inspect your water heater and its connections. Look for signs of water leaks from the tank, pipes, and fittings. Presence of water on the floor or rust patches on the exterior of the heater are indicators of corrosion and possible tank failure. Addressing minor leaks early can prevent more significant damage and the need for unit replacement.

While many water heater issues can be addressed with a bit of DIY effort, some problems require professional intervention. If you’ve followed the above steps and still experience issues, it might be time to call a plumber. Persistent leaks, unclear diagnostic results, or safety concerns like gas smells should always be handled by a licensed professional to avoid injury or further damage.